Op MULLENIZE and beyond - Staining Machines

Op MULLENIZE and beyond - Staining Machines

IP Addresses

This document is an internal memo created by GCHQ describing Operation MULLENIZE, an attempt to distinguish othewise anonymous internet users. The agency uses "User Agent Staining" to change the way in which the user's web browser identifies itself on the web. It is used to unmask TOR users, as well as devices on networks in which many share the same IP address, such as Internet Cafes.

Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)

The Washington Post

Snowden

en

2012-10-10

COMINT

Examples of specific geographical areas and websites redacted

Steven Rich

11

GCHQ

2013-10-04

STRAP 1

Operation MULLENIZE